TOPOLOGIES

NETWORK TOPOLOGY


• TOPOLOGY : IT IS A PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS IN A NETWORK OR PHYSICAL ESTABLISHMENT OF NETWORKS.


TYPES OF TOPOLOGY


1. BUS TOPOLOGY : PAST.

2. STAR TOPOLOGY : PRESENTLY.

3. RING TOPOLOGY : USED FOR IBM.

4. HYBRID TOPOLOGY : IT IS THE COMBINATION OF ANY TWO TOPOLOGY.

5. MESH TOPOLOGY : IT IS THE COMBINATION OF ALL TYPES OF TOPOLOGY.



BUS TOPOLOGY


1. BUS TOPOLOGY CABLES : -

A. IN THIS TOPOLOGY WE ARE USING CO – AXIAL CABLE.
EX : - STAR TELEVESION CABLE.


B. CO – AXIAL CABLES ARE OF 2 TYPES : -

THIN CO–AXIAL CABLE : - 0.25 INCHES THIN, DATA TRANSFER RATE IS (10 MBPS / 200 MBPS ).

THICK CO–AXIAL CABLE : - 0.50 INCHES THICK, DATA TRANSFER RATE IS (10 MBPS / 500 MBPS).




2. CONNECTION IN BUS TOPOLOGY : -


A. NIC CONNECTOR WITH BNC. NIC : NETWORK INTERFACE CARD. BNC : BRITISH NAVIGATOR CONNECTOR.

B. SMALL CONNECTORS : -

• T – TYPE CONNECTOR.


• TERMINATOR.

• BARRER.



3. ARCHETECTURE OF THE BUS TOPOLOGY : -





4. DIS – ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY : -

A. TOO MUCH COLLUSION IS AVAILABLE DUE TO TRAFFIC JAM.

B. NO SECURITY AND PERMISSIONS ARE AVAILABLE.

C. IF IN THE NETWORK ONE COMPUTER IS NOT WORKING ALL COMPUTERS WILL BE COLLAPSED.




STAR TOPOLOGY

NOW A DAYS IN SO MANY PLACES WE ARE USING STAR TOPOLOGY.


1. STAR TOPOLOGY CONNECTORS : -

A. NIC CARD WITH RJ-45 ( REMOVED JACK ) CONNECTOR.

B. RJ-45 CLIP.

C. CENTRAL INTERFACE DEVICE : - EX : REPEATERS , HUB AND SWITCHES.

2. STAR TOPOLOGY CABLES : -

A. UTP CABLE : IT IS A UN-SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE , WHICH HAVE 8 – WIRE
( 4-PAIRS ) CABLE.

B. DATA TRANSFER SPEED IS 100 MBPS / 256 MBPS.

C. THE CABLE IS TWISTED , TO STOP THE CROSS LINKING AND TO FLOW THE DATA IN A STRAIGHT LINE.


TWISTED PAIR CABLES HAVE SOME CATEGORY :


CAT 1
CAT 2 THESE ARE TELE-PHONE WIRES , HAVING TWO WIRES.


CAT 3 ( 4 MBPS )
CAT 4 ( 16 MBPS ) THSES ARE USED IN RING TOPOLOGY, THESE ARE CALLED AS S.T.P WIRES HAVING 4 WIRES.


CAT 5 ( 100 MBPS )
CAT 6 ( 256 MBPS ) THESE ARE USED IN STAR TOPOLOGY, THESE ARE CALLED AS U.T.P WIRES HAVING 8 WIRES.




3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UTP AND STP CABLES : -

UTP STP
1. USED IN STAR TOPOLOGY. 1. USED IN RING TOPOLOGY.
2. 8-WIRE MAKING 4 – PAIRS. 2. 4-WIRE MAKING 2 – PAIRS.
3. 100 MBPS / 256 MBPS SPEED. 3. 4 MBPS / 16 MBPS.
4. USED IN ETHERNET COMPUTER. 4. USED ONLY FOR IBM COMPUTERS.
5. USES ETHERNET CARD. 5. USES TOKEN RING CARD.
6. CENTRAL INTERFACE DEVICES : HUB AND
SWITCHES ARE USED. 6. M.A.U : MULTI-STATION ACTION ACCESS
ARE USED.



RING TOPOLOGY


1. USED IN IBM COMPUTERS.

2. USES S.T.P CABLES.

3. S.T.P CABLES HAVE 4 WIRES { 2 PAIRS }.

4. IT IS MULTI STATION ACCESS UNIT.

5. BASED ON TOKEN POLICY , TOKEN – 6 BIT DATA ADDRESS.

6. DATA TRANSMISSION SPEED IS 4 MBPS/16 MBPS.